The
universal testing machine performs multiple tests and is known for its
versatility. The commonly performed test is used to check tensile strength,
guiding force, and friction force of a given material.
Tensile test- the universal testing machine tensile test is used to measure the
tensile strength of a material. The material whose tensile strength is to be
measured is gripped or clamped from both ends and is pulled until the material breaks.
While conducting this experiment the machine moves vertically upwards. The
universal testing machine is used to calculate the tensile strength, percentage
elongation, and maximum force of the material.
Compression test- in this method the machine
moves in the opposite direction. It moves vertically downwards. The material to
be tested is clamp in a fixture consist of compression platens of different
sizes. The material to be tested is compressed to a certain load or extension
until the material breaks. The compression testing machine is used to test
materials like concrete, metals, plastic, ceramics, and composites.
Seal strength test- it is commonly called
as testing of seal integrity. It is used to calculate the maximum force
required to break open a seal of the package. The package is sealed with the
help of a heat sealer at a specific temperature, pressure, and time. The
material to be tested is kept tensile mode. The final results give the maximum
force required to open the package. In this manner, the strength of the seal is
optimized in the field of packaging.
Bond strength test- UTM universal testing machine is used to calculate the force
between the two layers of material. The final results are obtained in the form
of a graph and if the graph gives a uniform force then it shows that adhesive
is properly applied to the material. If the graph is obtained in the form of
peaks or troughs then it shows that adhesive material is not properly applied.
Gliding force test- this test is conducted
to gauge sweetness between the surfaces of the material to be tested. The
material is kept in both tension and compression mode depending upon the test
and type of material. This experiment is performed on syringes, injections in
the pharmaceutical field. In this test, the plunger is kept in compression mode
and it pushes the head of the injection up to a certain limit. The average
force is calculated in the final result in the form of a graph.
Puncture test- the material to be tested is
placed in a bottom fixture where a circular area is secured. The central area
of the circular area is kept hollow puncture probe is used to test the
material. The puncture prob is used in a downward direction until the testing
material is punctured. The final result has calculated the form of maximum
force required to puncture material.
3 point bend test or flexural test - in
this method compression mode is used where the length of material is supported
at the two ends and a plunger applies pressure at the center of the material.
The pressure is applied to a certain extent until the material breaks.
Coefficient of friction test- in this
method the smoothness between the two materials sliding over each other is
calculated.
Spring testing- in this method the machine
is kept in both tension and compression mode. It calculates the tension and
compression limit of a material.
Food texture analysis- this method is
employed in the food industry to check the firmness, crunchiness, hardness,
brittleness of a food substance.
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